News

Thursday 14th March 
What is News?
LO: To critically evaluate the nature of news and news sources

What is the purpose of news:

  • To inform people about whats going on in the world
  • To educate people
  • To make money
  • To entertain
  • To influence or persuade.
Newspapers are commercial publications, they're not PSB like the BBC, over three quarters of all British Press are owned by a handful of billionaires. Two men (27.3% Lord Rothermere) (24.9% Rupert Murdoch) own over 50% of the printed press.
Newspapers and their online publications are not legally obliged to produce a unbiased public information service. This means we get a lot of fake news.

Fake news is news that has been made up or twisted from the original story or just old news. You can spot fake news by looking at who published it to see if they're reliable, looking at the date it was posted. Check the sources, pictures and quotes to see the reliability and if they look real or not. You could also check and see if its on other news sites.  There is more fake news now then there was thirty years ago as theres more social media now where it can circulate quicker and non reliable sources can make up stories like on Facebook for example.








News was not a spectator sport , What does Stephens mean?
Everyone talks about the news, it spreads around from people telling people.

What developments 150 years ago made it possible to make a business out of selling news?
The printing press.

We can now watch news directly and form our own ideas and opinions through CNN and the internet 
we see the events, hear at first hand the witnesses. Stephens says that "this is mostly a wonderful thing"Why? Do you agree? 
I agree because people can find out about news stories and informs them about events happening in the world so we feel up to date, however the news that gives people false information can create chaos and panic.

What does the Prince William task reveal about the reliability of eye witness accounts?
That different angles can give different stories and that you shouldn't always trust every picture you see.

Monday 18th March
LO: Critically evaluate the impact of technology in the newspaper industry

History of the news industry

News is informing people of whats happening in the world whilst entertaining them aswell and generating a profit.
The disadvantages to news being a commercial industry (doing it to make money) means they will sometimes make up fake news to fit their target audience in order to sell the news. Or they'll sensationalise news to make it more shocking or exciting stories.
The advantages to this means that its a good newspaper for example as they are getting money for them so are of high quality. As they are competing with each other, they have all the new stories and keep up to date.
Disadvantages of newspapers and online newspapers being self regulatory would be their going to be biased towards the press so there will be an element of protecting themselves.
Advantages would be as they are self regulatory they can choose what they publish, like what they think will generate the most profit. The government can't put in their input and influence the press.

News Context:
Impact of technology was invention of the printing press, first produced in Germany in 1600s which was the start of newspapers. First was printed in 1605.
Early newspapers were controlled by Government, in the UK they required permission. A tax on newspapers made them expensive to buy (Had to be wealthy to buy) Low levels of literacy restricted possible readership.
The french revolution and the freedom of American press spread the idea of newspapers containing opinion swell as factual reporting of events.
Economic developments in trading and beginnings of the industrial revolution during first half of 1800s lead to a rise in specialist newspapers containing new type of data-statistics. very useful for sophisticated investment decisions of booming victorians economy.

Electric telegraph changed news. Means news was available quickly from distant locations. Lead to news agencies being developed in 1830-1870.

Competition from Radio began in early 1920s.The BBS was formed and licensed by British government during 1926 national strike.
Newspapers and radio remained the only sources of news until mid 1950s and the introduction and spread of television. By the 1960s TV news came around.
The development of the internet into homes from 2000 onwards has has a similar dramatic impact on how audiences access and understand news. Newspaper have been forced to evolve to meet changes in tech.

Which technology invention has posed the greatest threat to printed newspapers?
The internet because you don't need to pay for it so people will look the news up on it.
However phones are even more of a threat because you have access to news wherever you are its literally in your pocket. This is a threat to printed newspapers as you can access online newspapers. You can also become a news reported using a phone by recording a video for example and posting it on social media.
(2 marks) Do you think newspapers will survive? How long for? What will they need to do to keep making money?
I don't think they'll survive much longer, maybe a decade if they're lucky as the whole world revolves around technology, only the older generation read newspapers and once they're gone no one will, also everyone is caring a lot more about the environment so like save the trees so its a waste of paper when you can read it online.. To keep making money they need to do an online newspaper you have to pay for.

(4 marks) How has technology shaped our access to news?
Technology has made our access to news so much easier then it was twenty years ago, you can access it wherever you are on your phone because of mobile data. Or if you're at home you can go on the internet and look it up, this saves you having to go to a shop and buy it.

1960s News paper case studies:

Monday 25th March 2019
L/O: Critically evaluate the impact pf social cultural political and historic contexts on newspapers in particular 1960s.
L/O: Identify examples of 1960s political segmentation.

Tabloid- Celebrity stories, human interest stories. Less formal language, lots of headlines and images, more downmarket, offer entertainment
The sun, daily star, the mirror


Broadsheet- Hard news- politics, finance. More formal language, mostly writing, more upmarket and is mainly used to offer information.
Financial times, the daily telegraph, the independent, the times, the guardian, the observer


Hybrid - A Cross between the two
The daily mail, the daily express, The I

The observer:

What are the main differences between a tabloid and a broadsheet?
A tabloid is full of stories that are to entertain people like things about celebrities, there is more images used and is for more down market people. A broadsheet is a more informative newspaper for upper market people, it contains lots of writing about things like politics and finance.

What category of newspaper was the observer in the 1960s?
A broadsheet newspaper.

What category of newspaper is it now? Why? How has it changed?
As of 2018 its a broadsheet newspaper in tabloid form (compact) But it still contains the same types of information. It changed to a smaller size as it is more popular in that site as its easier to carry around and read in crowded places.

What threatened newspapers in the 1960s?
The introduction of the television.

What percentage had sunday newspaper circulation figures fallen by 1965?
30% (From 2 newspapers per household to 1.4)

By comparison, by what percentage were figured down to in 2010?
80% (Down to 0.4 newspapers per household)

1960s Political Segmentation: 



Thursday 28th March 2019

1960s case study: 
Labour came into power
A lot of people were protesting for peace- hippie movement
A period of massive change: fashion music beliefs and social norms
Youth groups were powerful
Push for more equality for women


  1. "Lawyers will urge divorce by consent"Prior the the 60s, it wasn't easy to get a divorce and generally women couldn't initiate it. This shows a change in women rights and equality occurring.
  2. "Wilson Brown market clash"In the 60s, there was a tense relationship with Europe.
  3. "America accused of spy frame up"Link to avengers- all the quotes suggest the massive spy thing in the 60s, the cold war was going on at the time so lots of headlines about undercover spy networks and fear or invasion from a foreign unknown power.
  4. "Jackie; Were very happy"Famous Jackie Kennedy- Wife to J.F.K- very well known. After he was assainated she married again (not straight away) unusual for people to have second marriages (especially women) especially a famous woman marrying an unknown.
  5. "Unions postpone strike"A lot of strikes and protests in 60s with a lot of coverage, affects labour government. Equal pay for genders and classes. 
  6. "Briton shoots a gold"Mexico Olympics- shows unconscious racism that was seen as normal. Used the word "Negro" to describe winner- not seen as an insult back then. Was a predominantly white culture in 60s.
  7. "Stephen Pollock with Elizabeth Jambe, 21, a Rhodesian born African, after their marriage yesterday"Going against social beliefs of mixed marriages. Seen as so rare that it became news although the people were unknown to the public they made the headlines because of what they did.

  • War
  • Gender
  • Divorce (Religion/love)
  • Classes/Working rights 


















































6 November 1966
Whole paper is predominantly about men:

  • Lawyers (all men) going for equal rights
  • Relationship with Europe- men in charge
  • Men flees from policemen
  • Spies and war- men
  • Wilson and Smith
Only thing written about women is knitting and an advert for a corset, represents how women were seen for household thing like making things and then being uncomfortable in a corset to get a figure that a man will like.
Only just starting to get women rights for divorce so that they get an equal decision in the divorce instead of men choosing or there having to e a reason like adultery or abuse.
There was the cold war going on then which had news circulating around it that people were being spies and there was fear of invasions.
Lack of stories to do with people that weren't part of white culture.
Reference to Vietnam war- people didn't like it 










30 October 1966
Another article predominantly about men-
  • MPs
  • Yard and Blake to do with Cold war spies
  • Spain can have the apes, this was a decision made by a man.
  • Tea and welsh cakes- a man and his wife go for tea and cakes- no real news
  • Theres a news article about the Wueen mourning- no action
  • Another article for women but for men realistically- lingerie
Racism- Queen Elizabeth and Duke of Edinburgh talk to African school girl like its something to be shocked about because they're speaking to an African.
A mine collapsed in Wales and all the mud went down the valley and killed half the village. Queen went to visit them mourning.














20 October 1968:

Advert for Women for stockings and gloves.
Most writers are male.
Shows how Women were getting more rights because of Jackie going into a second marriage. The way its reported shows inequality as they're slagging the marriage off saying she did it for the money.
Strikes between classes, links to the fact its now a labour government.
"Stephen Pollock with Elizabeth Jambe, 21, a Rhodesian born African, after their marriage yesterday"Going against social beliefs of mixed marriages. Seen as so rare that it became news although the people were unknown to the public they made the headlines because of what they did.
Vietnam links-there were anti Vietnam demonstrations in London
Racial discrimination- back then that was the norm, talking about Mexico Olympics "African negros" not being racist just shows inequality as that was how black people were spoken about.
Adverts in top right show growing technology of radios and cars.

Monday 1st April 2019

Explain how broadsheet newspapers reflect the time and historic contexts in which they were published. Refer to the observer front page 20th October 1968 that you have studied to support your answer. (10 marks)


Newspapers are a historical document as they reflect the culture and times in which they were made. They also give an insight of political issues of the day. In the 20th October issue the subject of race is talked about a lot, firstly, the story of a marriage between a white man and a Rhodesian born African made front page news due to the fact it was so rare for a mixed race marriage no matter the fact they were completely unknown citizens. Also, when the Mexican olympics are reported on, African and American athletes were described as "Negros" which wasn't intentionally meant to be racist or offensive but reflects the fact it was seen as normal to describe black people in this way.
The front page also highlights the gender inequality, the articles are predominantly written by males and most are about them aswell. Most of the adverts are for men for example the new car, the only advert aimed at women was the one selling stockings and gloves. Also, the only story written about a female was the one about Jackie Kennedy marrying for the second time, yet they seemed to be slagging it off.


Newspaper Online Case Study
Monday 29th April

LO- Critically evaluate how the online content reflects the values and the beliefs of the newspaper and the audience
Evaluate the importance of convergence in the digital age

Pros of online newspapers:
Don't have to go anywhere to get them.
Free
Saving paper
Can update easily


Cons of online newspapers:
Some people will lose jobs
Higher danger of fake news.
Need internet connection

What does the homepage below tell us about the Observers values and beliefs?
The online Observer shows us that they concern themselves with political views of the labour party and follow the social beliefs and values of them. There are many headlines on the fromt page regarding this party and even talks about it in the Observer opinion section which shows where they stand.
I think the Observer have a social conscience swell because they talk about climate change.







Political Bias-
supports Labour- On the observer opinion theres a quote about labour
Theres an article about Margaret Thatcher

Owned by Guardian- Means they have a shared sense of values
Representations-

Choice of text/image placement- All genders are represented
There is a party for women equality and rights, but there is a mixture of men and woman over the paper, therefore it will appeal to both genders. According to some of their features they seem cultural.

Variety of different opinions and views.
Values culture as equally as political views.
Diverse representation over all.
Seen generally as being quite middle-class- tell this by the wine and restaurant reviews
Social conscience- importance of climate change



2 sentences at end of answer to show judgement and conclusion, if you make no judgement you lose the final five marks.

Thursday 9th May
Contemporary Newspaper Case Studies

LO:

  • Critically evaluate the impact of social, cultural political and historical contexts on newspapers (in particular contemporary newspapers)
  • Identify examples of contemporary political segmentation
Guardian and Observer reader profile:



  • Hard to reach- 95% read no other quality newspaper
  • Possess characteristics that are key for spreading word of mouth
  • Well connected/vocal/information hungry 
  • Powerful influencers when it comes to passing on and sharing information about products services and personal incomes.

  • Affluent- 85% are ABC1
  • More than twice as likely to be AB class
  • Average household income- £59764- 53% higher then average GB- High disposable income
  • Don't like being in debt- on average spend about 417 a month on credit cards
  • Like to spend money on new gadgets and designer clothes- stylish and like to dress well



  • Well travelled- Taking 4 trips per year (more then average GB)
  • Spend an average of £1426 on each holiday
  • Prefer booking their own rather then package holidays
  • Enjoy local cuisine, looking at historic buildings, learn local language
  • Like discovering country for themselves 



  • Arts and Culture lovers- 4+ trips to art galleries and theatres per year
  • Have a high tendency to go at least once every three months
  • Also like ballet and opera

  • Progressive- 60% of readers are progressives
  • Curious about the world and embrace change
  • Upmarket/socially conscious/digitally savvy

  • Food and drink aficionados- £81 a week on groceries
  • Passionate about good quality food
  • Like to buy free range, fair trade and organic and non GM foods
  • 75%more likely to eat out three times a month


The Observer is a labour magazine which means they are against Brexit and anyone that supports it.
everything on the front page of this issue is about politics.
In the quote at the top the use of lexis shows how they are anti brexit "Venom, vindictiveness, vituperation"
Interested in other countries politics. USA
Denounces treatment of of High court judges, demonised as 'enemies of the people'









Me too campaign- shows it supports the movement against sexual harassment and sexual abuse. Gender equality.
Celebrities mentioned in magazine but for important subjects not pointless gossip.
Talks about how our humans action is affecting nature and animals of the world- issues affecting everybody it talks about cancer and death aswell
Talks a bit about politics- about Corbyn- shows it was a big thing at the time
Failing prisons suggests that crime is a big issue- theres too much
Exaggerated lexis for effect- over crowded, underfunded, drug infested and violent.
More women on front cover as opposed to the 60s front covers.

Contemporary Newspaper Case Studies
Monday 13th May

LO: Critically evaluate impact of social cultural political and historic contexts on newspapers
       Explain the appeal to the specific target audience
Affluent
Progressive thinkers
Left wing/centre politically
Art and culture lovers
Food and drink experts
Digitally savvy
Embrace change and technology
Enjoy travelling
Fashionable
Have a social conscience

Gender
Age
Ethnicity
Class
Disability
Sexuality
Nationality    

Monday 20th May 2019
L/O: To explore the industry and audience behind the Live lounge

BBC Radio 1 target audience is aimed at 15-29- targets a young audience- language of presenters is restless and energetic.
Every radio station works  hard to establish and sustain a very distinct sound and tone.

Remit of Radio one is to entertain and engage a broad audience of young listeners. Should offer a range of new music, support emerging artists, and provide a platform for live music.











Theres a wide range of artists like Little mix, Billie Eilish, Benny Blanco and Lewis Capaldi this shows a range of new music and emerging artists. All these artists are under the pop genre. Greg James is known for his comedy which is entertaining.

Convergence:

  • DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting)
  • FM Radio
  • LW (Long Wave)
  • MW (Medium Radio)
  • Review TV, Sky TV and Virgin TV
  • Online
  • On mobile phones via mobile apps
  • On digital music players
  • Smart speakers

A term that can refer to the merging of previously distinct media technologies and media forms due to digitisation and computer networking. The live lounge did a deal with Vevo- so the artists performance are put onto vevo, this is an advantage because if someone watches one, they might listen to more and therefore BBC Radio one may receive more viewers , beneficial because both companies get a larger target audience. Its an advantage for the audience because they can watch as many times as they want whenever they want.

Regulated by OFCOM
Ofcom exists to ensure the broadcasting code is upheld and that listeners are protected from harmful/offensive material, unfair treatment and loss of privacy.
Maintains plurality in provision of broadcasting. Which is ensuring there is a diversity of viewpoints available and consumed across and within media enterprises. It also prevents any one media media owner or voice having too much influence over public opinion.

Protection of under 18s-
Appropriate scheduling- Think of school run in the car.

Live lounge is a live music series that is hosted on BBC Radio 1(Digitally and analogue) and BBC Radio 1Xtra- which is a digital radio channel. Being hosted on two channels is to provide a more niche audience and a wider one. Clara Amfo and DJ Ace- presenters.

Clara Amfo- Has a background as a presenter for nickelodeon and CBBC, interned in KissFM and was nominated for the Sony Radio awards as a rising star.

Th live lounge is the name of the room in Radio one studios where many the performances are broadcast. Artists are filmed and recorded- very little production or rehearsal. Normally perform one or two of their own songs then a unique cover from an A list Radio1 artist who has had a release i9n last 6-9 months. The cover is normally in contrast to their genre.

Appeals to audience because they're doing their songs more acoustically and maybe different to their own genre. Its live which has a danger to it because if someone goes wrong, everyone will hear it. Its a chance to hear new artists because of the remit.

Lewis Capaldi:

  • Background- started playing guitar at nine and singing in pubs at 12
  • Age- 22
  • Wheres he from- Scotland
  • Genre- pop, fol rock
  • Current songs/albums- Recent artist- new album released Divinely Uninspired to a Hellish Extent, was released on 17 May 2019.
  • Critical reception-
  • Awards-




























Example question-
Explain how and why producers of radio programmes target different audiences. Refer to the Radio 1 live lounge to support your answer.



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